The technical meaning of maintenance involves operational and functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, governmental, and residential installations. Over time, this has come to often include both scheduled and preventive maintenance as cost-effective practices to keep equipment ready for operation at the utilization stage of a system lifecycle.
The marine transportation, offshore structures, industrial plant and facility management industries depend on maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) including scheduled or preventive paint maintenance programmes to maintain and restore coatings applied to steel in environments subject to attack from erosion, corrosion and environmental pollution.
Video Maintenance (technical)
Definitions
Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The United States Department of Defense uses the following definitions:
- Any activity--such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments, and repairs--intended to retain or restore a functional unit in or to a specified state in which the unit can perform its required functions.
- All action taken to retain material in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. It includes inspection, testing, servicing, classification as to serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation.
- All supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission.
- The routine recurring work required to keep a facility (plant, building, structure, ground facility, utility system, or other real property) in such condition that it may be continuously used, at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose.
Maintenance is strictly connected to the utilization stage of the product or technical system, in which the concept of maintainability must be included. In this scenario, maintainability is considered as the ability of an item, under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions, using prescribed procedures and resources.
In some domains like aircraft maintenance, terms maintenance, repair and overhaul also include inspection, rebuilding, alteration and the supply of spare parts, accessories, raw materials, adhesives, sealants, coatings and consumables for aircraft maintenance at the utilization stage. In international civil aviation maintenance means:
- The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or a repair. These covers all activities for which aviation regulations require issuance of the maintenance release document.
This definition covers all activities for which aviation regulations require issuance of the maintenance release document (aircraft certificate of return to service - CRS).
Maps Maintenance (technical)
Types
Over time, corrective maintenance gave way to preventive maintenance. New technologies are continuing to expand the scope of the field. The basic types of maintenance falling under MRO include:
- Preventive or scheduled maintenance, where equipment or facilities are inspected, maintained and protected before break down or other problems occur.
- Corrective maintenance where equipment is repaired or replaced after wear, malfunction or break down.
- Predictive maintenance, which uses sensor data to monitor a system, then continuously evaluates it against historical trends to predict failure before it occurs.
Architectural conservation employs MRO to preserve, rehabilitate, restore, or reconstruct historical structures with stone, brick, glass, metal, and wood which match the original constituent materials where possible, or with suitable polymer technologies when not.
Preventive
Preventive maintenance is maintenance performed with the intent of avoiding failures, safety violations, unnecessary production costs and losses, and to conserve original materials of fabrication. The effectiveness of a preventive maintenance schedule depends on the RCM analysis which it was based on, and the ground rules used for cost efficacy.
Corrective
Corrective maintenance of equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often most expensive - not only can worn equipment damage other parts and cause multiple damage, but consequential repair and replacement costs and loss of revenues due to down time during overhaul can be significant. Rebuilding and resurfacing of equipment and infrastructure damaged by erosion and corrosion as part of corrective or preventive maintenance programmes involves conventional processes such as welding and metal flame spraying, as well as engineered solutions with thermoset polymeric materials.
Predictive
More recently, advances in sensing and computing technology have given rise to predictive maintenance. This maintenance strategy uses sensors to monitor key parameters within a machine or system, and uses this data in conjunction with analysed historical trends to continuously evaluate the system health and predict a breakdown before it happens. This strategy allows maintenance to be performed more efficiently, since more up-to-date data is obtained about how close the product is to failure.
See also
- Auto maintenance
- Darning
- Design for repair
- Kludge
- Logistics center
- Maintainability
- Product lifecycle
- RAMS
- Reliability engineering
- Remanufacturing
- Scheduled maintenance
- Total productive maintenance
- Repair, in medicine, according to the ICD-10-PCS, in the Medical and Surgical Section 0, root operation Q, means restoring, to the extent possible, a body part to its normal anatomic structure and function. This definition, repair, is used only when the method used to acomplish the repair is not one of the other root operations. Examples would be colostomy takedown, herniorrhaphy of a hernia, and the surgical suture of a laceration.
References
Source of article : Wikipedia
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